State District of Columbia - Population, Income & Demographics

The median income of households in District of Columbia was $106,287. An estimated 7.1% of households had income below $10,000 a year and 25.6% had income of $200,000 or more.

An estimated 82.2% of households received earnings. An estimated 17.9% of households received Social Security and an estimated 16.3 % of households received retirement income other than Social Security. The average income from Social Security was $21,213. These income sources are not mutually exclusive; that is, some households received income from more than one source.

In 2019-2023, 14.5 % of people were in poverty. An estimated 20.4% of children under 18 were below the poverty level, compared with 14.6% of people 65 years old and over. An estimated 12.9% of people 18 to 64 years were below the poverty level.

In 2019-2023, 13.2 % of households received SNAP (the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program). An estimated 43.1% of households that received SNAP had children under 18, and 36.5% of households that received SNAP had one or more people 60 years and over. An estimated 46.5% of all households receiving SNAP were families with a female householder and no spouse present.

Among the civilian noninstitutionalized population in District of Columbia in 2019-2023, 96.6% had health insurance coverage and 3.4% did not have health insurance coverage. Private coverage was 72.4% and public coverage was 34.2%, respectively. The percentage of children under the age of 19 with no health insurance coverage was 2.7%.

In 2019-2023, District of Columbia had a total population of 672,079 - 352,078 (52.4%) females and 320,001 (47.6%) males. The median age was 34.9 years. An estimated 18.7% of the population was under 18 years, 45.4% was 19 to 44 years, 20.5% was 45 to 64 years, and 12.7 % was 65 years and older.

In 2019-2023, there were 321,556 households in District of Columbia. The average household size was 1.99 people.

Married-couple households made up 25.1% of the households in District of Columbia while cohabiting couple households made up 7.6% of households. Female householders with no spouse or partner present were 41.7% of all households, while 25.6% of households had male householders with no spouse or partner present. Some households had one person, as 20.5% of households were male householders living alone, and 26.2% were female householders living alone, for a total of 46.7% of all households.

In District of Columbia, 20% of all households had one or more people under the age of 18; 21.2% of all households had one or more people 65 years and over.

In 2019-2023, an estimated 86.7% of the people living in District of Columbia were U.S. natives. 35.4% of the District of Columbia population were living in the state where they were born.

Approximately 13.3% of District of Columbia residents in 2019-2023 were foreign-born. 49.7% of foreign-born were naturalized U.S. citizens and an estimated 64.4 % entered the country before the year 2010.

Foreign-born residents of District of Columbia come from different parts of the world. The bar graph below displays the percentage of foreign-born from each world region of birth in 2019-2023 for District of Columbia.

Among people at least five years old living in District of Columbia in 2019-2023, 18 % spoke a language other than English at home. Spanish was spoken by 9.2% of people at least five years old; 5.1% reported that they did not speak English "very well."

In 2019-2023, 80.6 % of the people at least one year old living in District of Columbia were living in the same house one year earlier.

In 2019-2023, 92.8 % of people 25 years and over had at least graduated from high school and 63.6% had a bachelor's degree or higher. An estimated 7.2% did not complete high school.

The total school enrollment in District of Columbia was 157,255 in 2019-2023. Nursery school enrollment was 14,633 and kindergarten through 12th grade enrollment was 83,903. College or graduate school enrollment was 58,719.

In District of Columbia, among the civilian noninstitutionalized population in 2019-2023, 11 % reported a disability. The likelihood of having a disability varied by age - from 4.5% of people under 18 years old, to 8.8% of people 18 to 64 years old, and to 32.3% of those 65 and over.

In District of Columbia, 66.7 % of the population 16 and over were employed; 28% were not currently in the labor force.

An estimated 69.2% of the people employed were private wage and salary workers; 26.3% were federal, state, or local government workers; and 4.3 % were self-employed in their own (not incorporated) business.

In 2019-2023, the civilian employed population 16 years and older in District of Columbia worked in the following industries:

An estimated 28.2% of District of Columbia workers drove to work alone in 2019-2023, and 4.3% carpooled. Among those who commuted to work, it took them on average 30.3 minutes to get to work.

In 2019-2023, District of Columbia had a total of 356,101 housing units. Of these housing units, 33.2% were single-family houses either not attached to any other structure or attached to one or more structures (commonly referred to as "townhouses" or "row houses"). 66.7% of the housing units were located in multi-unit structures, or those buildings that contained two or more apartments. 0.1% were mobile homes, while any remaining housing units were classified as "other," which included boats, recreational vehicles, vans, etc.

14.2% of the housing inventory was comprised of houses built since 2010, while 31.7% of the houses were first built in 1939 or earlier. The median number of rooms in all housing units in District of Columbia was 3.9 rooms, and of these housing units 30.8% had three or more bedrooms.

In 2019-2023, District of Columbia had 321,556 housing units that were occupied or had people living in them, while the remaining 34,545 were vacant. Of the occupied housing units, the percentage of these houses occupied by owners (also known as the homeownership rate) was 41.1% while renters occupied 58.9%. The average household size of owner-occupied houses was 2.21 and in renter-occupied houses it was 1.84.

16.1% of householders of these occupied houses had moved into their house since 2021, while 8% moved into their house in 1989 or earlier. Households without a vehicle available for personal use comprised 35.9% and another 3.5% had three or more vehicles available for use.

The following chart provides the primary fuel used to heat houses in District of Columbia:

In 2019-2023, the median property value for owner-occupied houses in District of Columbia was $724,600.

Of the owner-occupied households, 76.2 % had a mortgage. 23.8% owned their houses "free and clear," that is without a primary mortgage or loan on the house. The median monthly housing costs for owners with a mortgage was $3,062 and for owners without a mortgage it was $856.

For renter-occupied houses, the median gross rent for District of Columbia was $1,900. Gross rent includes the monthly contract rent and any monthly payments made for electricity, gas, water and sewer, and any other fuels to heat the house.