State Massachusetts - Population, Income & Demographics

The median income of households in Massachusetts was $101,341. An estimated 4.3% of households had income below $10,000 a year and 21.1% had income of $200,000 or more.

An estimated 79.1% of households received earnings. An estimated 29.8% of households received Social Security and an estimated 22.9 % of households received retirement income other than Social Security. The average income from Social Security was $23,593. These income sources are not mutually exclusive; that is, some households received income from more than one source.

In 2019-2023, 10 % of people were in poverty. An estimated 11.8% of children under 18 were below the poverty level, compared with 10.2% of people 65 years old and over. An estimated 9.3% of people 18 to 64 years were below the poverty level.

In 2019-2023, 13.8 % of households received SNAP (the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program). An estimated 40% of households that received SNAP had children under 18, and 43.7% of households that received SNAP had one or more people 60 years and over. An estimated 31.5% of all households receiving SNAP were families with a female householder and no spouse present.

Among the civilian noninstitutionalized population in Massachusetts in 2019-2023, 97.4% had health insurance coverage and 2.6% did not have health insurance coverage. Private coverage was 73.8% and public coverage was 37.1%, respectively. The percentage of children under the age of 19 with no health insurance coverage was 1.5%.

In 2019-2023, Massachusetts had a total population of 6,992,395 - 3,575,630 (51.1%) females and 3,416,765 (48.9%) males. The median age was 40 years. An estimated 19.6% of the population was under 18 years, 33.8% was 19 to 44 years, 26.4% was 45 to 64 years, and 17.5 % was 65 years and older.

In 2019-2023, there were 2,762,070 households in Massachusetts. The average household size was 2.45 people.

Married-couple households made up 46.2% of the households in Massachusetts while cohabiting couple households made up 7.7% of households. Female householders with no spouse or partner present were 28.6% of all households, while 17.6% of households had male householders with no spouse or partner present. Some households had one person, as 12.1% of households were male householders living alone, and 16.5% were female householders living alone, for a total of 28.6% of all households.

In Massachusetts, 28.2% of all households had one or more people under the age of 18; 32% of all households had one or more people 65 years and over.

In 2019-2023, an estimated 82.3% of the people living in Massachusetts were U.S. natives. 59.1% of the Massachusetts population were living in the state where they were born.

Approximately 17.7% of Massachusetts residents in 2019-2023 were foreign-born. 54.5% of foreign-born were naturalized U.S. citizens and an estimated 63.2 % entered the country before the year 2010.

Foreign-born residents of Massachusetts come from different parts of the world. The bar graph below displays the percentage of foreign-born from each world region of birth in 2019-2023 for Massachusetts.

Among people at least five years old living in Massachusetts in 2019-2023, 24.8 % spoke a language other than English at home. Spanish was spoken by 9.6% of people at least five years old; 9.7% reported that they did not speak English "very well."

In 2019-2023, 88 % of the people at least one year old living in Massachusetts were living in the same house one year earlier.

In 2019-2023, 91.4 % of people 25 years and over had at least graduated from high school and 46.6% had a bachelor's degree or higher. An estimated 8.6% did not complete high school.

The total school enrollment in Massachusetts was 1,670,131 in 2019-2023. Nursery school enrollment was 100,735 and kindergarten through 12th grade enrollment was 1,023,169. College or graduate school enrollment was 546,227.

In Massachusetts, among the civilian noninstitutionalized population in 2019-2023, 12.1 % reported a disability. The likelihood of having a disability varied by age - from 4.9% of people under 18 years old, to 9.4% of people 18 to 64 years old, and to 30.2% of those 65 and over.

In Massachusetts, 63.7 % of the population 16 and over were employed; 32.8% were not currently in the labor force.

An estimated 81.6% of the people employed were private wage and salary workers; 12.6% were federal, state, or local government workers; and 5.6 % were self-employed in their own (not incorporated) business.

In 2019-2023, the civilian employed population 16 years and older in Massachusetts worked in the following industries:

An estimated 62.7% of Massachusetts workers drove to work alone in 2019-2023, and 6.9% carpooled. Among those who commuted to work, it took them on average 29.3 minutes to get to work.

In 2019-2023, Massachusetts had a total of 3,014,657 housing units. Of these housing units, 57.2% were single-family houses either not attached to any other structure or attached to one or more structures (commonly referred to as "townhouses" or "row houses"). 41.9% of the housing units were located in multi-unit structures, or those buildings that contained two or more apartments. 0.8% were mobile homes, while any remaining housing units were classified as "other," which included boats, recreational vehicles, vans, etc.

6.5% of the housing inventory was comprised of houses built since 2010, while 30.7% of the houses were first built in 1939 or earlier. The median number of rooms in all housing units in Massachusetts was 5.5 rooms, and of these housing units 55.8% had three or more bedrooms.

In 2019-2023, Massachusetts had 2,762,070 housing units that were occupied or had people living in them, while the remaining 252,587 were vacant. Of the occupied housing units, the percentage of these houses occupied by owners (also known as the homeownership rate) was 62.6% while renters occupied 37.4%. The average household size of owner-occupied houses was 2.63 and in renter-occupied houses it was 2.14.

9.6% of householders of these occupied houses had moved into their house since 2021, while 12.7% moved into their house in 1989 or earlier. Households without a vehicle available for personal use comprised 11.8% and another 16.6% had three or more vehicles available for use.

The following chart provides the primary fuel used to heat houses in Massachusetts:

In 2019-2023, the median property value for owner-occupied houses in Massachusetts was $525,800.

Of the owner-occupied households, 67.1 % had a mortgage. 32.9% owned their houses "free and clear," that is without a primary mortgage or loan on the house. The median monthly housing costs for owners with a mortgage was $2,659 and for owners without a mortgage it was $1,001.

For renter-occupied houses, the median gross rent for Massachusetts was $1,687. Gross rent includes the monthly contract rent and any monthly payments made for electricity, gas, water and sewer, and any other fuels to heat the house.